Pulmonary edema is an abnormal leakage of fluid from the bloodstream into the alveoli—the microscopic air sacs in the lungs. It is most often the result of heart failure or other cardiac problems. Sometimes, however, pulmonary edema is observed in swimmers and divers when no underlying medical cause is apparent.

A proactive mindset will help ensure you aren’t caught off guard by seemingly minor irritations.

The adage “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure” dates back to the 18th century, but it still rings true today.

ASK DAN: What is IPE, and Who is Susceptible?

Oxygen toxicity is one of the most significant dangers nitrox divers face, but fortunately it’s easily preventable.

In its nearly three decades of use, several misconceptions have surrounded the use of nitrox, most notably that divers report feeling less tired after a dive on nitrox than they would on air.